Problem of Juvenile Delinquency - 1935 Words

Unit 2 Project Philippe Francois the problem of juvenile Delinquency This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, it will make the argument on how to reduce it and bring light to this problem which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban America. It can lead to law-breaking juvenile, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. Over the years experts have given us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including ones economic background, parents level of education and abuse in the home, gangs organizations, repeated neighborhood delinquents, increased availability of weapons and new technology violent games have something to do with the growing of our young people getting in trouble†¦show more content†¦The new age parent is so preoccupied with his/her own life goals and activities that, they have little time and energy to give on either involvement or appropriate structure. The type of parenting that does work is simply called authoritative parenting. This type of parent assumes a role of authority in the childs life, but the rules and structure are often to hard and inflexible to accommodate the childs growth toward adolescence and young adulthood. The parents intelligent explanations of the rules plus reasonable enforcement help to maintain a steady reduction of control as the child matures. Studies have been made to determine the causes of juvenile delinquency. Many of these studies have focused on family relationships. In one study, comparing delinquent and non-delinquent youths showed that over ninety percent of the delinquents had unhappy home lives and felt discontented with their life situation. Only small percent of the non-delinquent youths felt the same way. This study also brought attention to the fact that to these youths, delinquency appeared to be a way they can belong to something, or a way to bringing the attention their missing back in the focused on them. It brought attention to youths neglected by their parents, or approval of delinquent friends, or it helps the problems of an unhappy and lonely home life in other ways. A study by theShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile delinquents are defined as being minors between the ages of 10 and 18. To be considered an delinquent the minor has committed some act that violates the law. These acts aren’t called crimes as they would be for adults. Rather than being called crimes, when committed by minors these acts are called delinquent acts. Delinquent acts generally fall into two categories. The first type of delinquent act is one that would be co nsidered a crime had an adult committed it. The second type of delinquentRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency894 Words   |  4 Pagesmost are just beginning puberty, these young boys and girls are becoming juvenile delinquents because they chose the wrong path or the wrong path was laid out for them. THEORIES AND CAUSE OF JUVENILE DELIQUENCY There are many theories and causes to why some juveniles end up being juvenile delinquents. The first is that peer groups can play a major role in one’s life between the ages of twelve and eighteen, pressuring juveniles to abandon their home life and join street gangs. Society can play aRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency1792 Words   |  8 PagesJUVENILE DELINQUENCY Various experts can give us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one s economic background, substance abuse, delinquent peer groups, repeated exposure to violence, increased availability of firearms and media violence, however, I feel that the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over children. It is ironic in America, today, one must have a driver s license to operate a vehicleRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency3617 Words   |  15 PagesAbtract Setting the problem Juvenile delinquency can be closely related to many sociology problems across the United States, America’s youth in the 21st century are more at risk that this present time frame compared to 10-15 year. Delinquency has a close relationship with poverty and low-income houses, however low income does not only influence house but employment and education. Therefore, Research shows juvenile delinquency is an increasing social problem that has many contributing influencesRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pages The problem of juvenile delinquency is not new to the society. It occurs in all societies simple as well as complex. Juvenile Delinquency is committing of criminal acts or offences by minors, i.e. juveniles (individuals younger than the statutory age of majority). These acts does not follow under the category of ‘crimes’ as they would be for adults. Rather, crimes committed by minors or juveniles are called ‘delinquent acts’. It is not only a legal problem but also a psychological problem and theRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Not A Problem3877 Words   |  16 Pagesdecades juvenile violence crime has grown twice as quickly as that of the adults. Childhood experiences plays a very significant role in the development of criminality in a juvenile, generally this trait of criminality is not noticeable in the early life, but if they are acted upon future delinquency can be avoided. Juvenile delinquency is not a problem in just one corner of the earth but it is a problem faced worldwide in every country. In order to tackle with problems like juvenile delinquency effortsRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency1498 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile delinquents vary from ages ten to eighteen who have committed an act that violates the law. With every crime that is committed, there is a victim who has been impacted negatively. In Hampden County and all throughout the country, juvenile delinquents have victimized other juveniles, but also parents, business owners and even complete strangers. My job as a Victim/Witness Intern was to be the voice for those who don’t have one in a court of law. All of the victims and witnesses are tryingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Serious Problem999 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile delinquency is a serious problem in the United States as a whole, and especially in the state of Illinois. Illinois is known for having crime problems especially in the urban Chicagoland areas. Implementing juvenile delinqu ency intervention programs may be the first step to combating this crime problem. There is potential to reduce future crime if the youths of today can be reached and helped with these programs. I have picked four programs which I believe will help combat these delinquencyRead MoreThe Problem Of Juvenile Delinquency892 Words   |  4 PagesStudy Group. In the year 2004 girls made up thirty percent of all juvenile arrest. However, the question still remains whether it is an increase in juvenile delinquency or society’s response to girl’s behavior. In order to find out the answers to these questions the office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention created the Girls Study Group. To fight the statistics and improve the lives of girls in danger of juvenile delinquency. Resiliency is the power to be able to deal with a tremendous

Buddhism Versus Greek Mythology Free Essays

string(66) " down again at an Ajapala banyan-tree for another length of time\." â€Å"[A human being] experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness, â€Å"said Albert Einstein. â€Å"Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty† (â€Å"Heart Quotes†). Einstein’s view on nature is similar to that of Indian Buddhists. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhism Versus Greek Mythology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Life-giving Indian weather inspired the Buddhist cyclic view of rebirth while the rugged terrain of Greece inspired their harsh outlook on nature. Buddhists believe man is one with nature while Greek mythology emphasizes the all-importance of man. Buddhists live in harmony with nature whereas the Greeks show violence towards it and all its creatures. However, as the Greek mindset shifted towards philosophy, so did it shift towards similar reverence towards nature. The defining distinction between these two perspectives on life is that the outlook on nature of Buddhists show values from the belief that all is in harmony with Atman, whereas the Greek outlook on nature shows that man is above nature. India is a country of lush plains, striking mountains, beautiful deserts, and dazzling bays. 2, 545 years ago, this incredible scenery served as the backdrop to Buddha’s life and eventual Enlightenment, from which Buddhist teachings would one day grow (Eckel 6). The impact of Buddha’s surroundings on Buddhist thinking is obvious, especially when one takes into consideration India’s dramatic seasonal climate changes. Every summer in India, the monsoons arrive. Every summer in India is monsoon season, a time of torrential downpours raging uninterrupted for months. Before these monsoons, the earth is dried and parched; food and water are scarce. It is, in every way, a season of death. Then, however, the rain arrives, harsh and relentless, but life giving nonetheless. The rain is the amniotic fluid catalyzing the re-entrance of life unto the barren earth. This annual cycle of death and rebirth presents the native people with a dire ultimatum: they must either obey nature or not survive. If they try to go against nature’s course, they will inevitably fail. Nature controls life. Observing this phenomenon, Buddhists learned from nature and realized that this cycle can be found everywhere. They realized that humans undergo an equivalent cycle called samsara, or reincarnation. ————————————————- â€Å"He could no longer distinguish the many voices, the cheerful from the weeping, the children’s from the men’s: they all belonged together. The lament of the knower’s yearning and laughing, the screaming of the angry, the moaning of the dying- everything was one; everything was entwined and entwisted, was interwoven a thousand fold. And all of it together, all voices, all goals, all yearnings, all sufferings, all pleasures, all good and evil-the world was everything together. Everything together was the river of events, was the music of life. And when Siddhartha listened attentively to this river, listened to this song of a thousand voices, when he did not listen to sorrow or laughter, when he did not bring his soul to any one voice and did not enter them with his ego, but listened to all of them, heard the wholeness, the oneness- then the great song of the thousand voices consisted of a single word, which was ‘om’: perfection†¦belonging to the oneness† (Hesse 118-119). At the core of Buddhism lies an important lesson about maya and Enlightenment. To reach Enlightenment, one must understand all. One of the first steps towards such understanding is to understand maya, or illusion. Everything that one sees, feels, and tastes belongs to the world of maya. Even one does not exist but in the world of maya. Thus, if all does not exist, then all is equal. One is equal to everything in the surrounding world, especially nature. All are one in Atman, which is the heart of all of Buddhism. Everything is one. All of this separation from nature and from one another is simply maya, or an illusion. Consequently, in Buddhism, any injustice done to nature is an injustice to oneself. To reach Enlightenment, peace and oneness with nature are essential. Man and nature are one. Therefore, everyone and everything, especially nature, should be treated as so. â€Å"[Siddhartha said,] ‘This stone is a stone, it is also an animal, it is also God, it is also the Buddha, I love and honor it not because it would become this or that someday, but because of this because it is a stone, because it appears to me now and today as a stone, it is precisely because of this that I love it and see worth and meaning in each of its veins and pits, in the yellow, in the gray, in the hardness, in the sound it emits when I tap it, n the dryness or dampness of its surface. [T]hat is precisely what I like and what seems wonderful to me and worthy of worship†¦I love the stone and the river and all these things that we contemplate and also a tree or a piece of bark. These are things and things can be loved† (Hesse 126-127). In harmony with the principle of reincarnation, any plant, creature, or other aspect of nature is a part of the cycle of rebirth. Therefore, any of these can one day become a man, for when something in nature dies, it undergoes the cycle of rebirth and can be reborn as anything. One day, it will become a human. Nature holds the ability within itself to be a human and, for that reason, should be considered as an equal. The true magnitude of nature’s presence in Buddhism is truly portrayed by the distinct mentioning of Siddhartha reaching enlightenment under a tree, specifically the Bodhi tree or the Asiatic fig tree (Gach 16). The scriptural account of the Enlightenment of Buddha gives this significance to nature when Buddha sits under the Bodhi tree for seven whole days. After the seven days, the Buddha gets up only to sit down again at an Ajapala banyan-tree for another length of time. You read "Buddhism Versus Greek Mythology" in category "Essay examples" He rises once again just to sit down once more at the foot of a Mucalinda tree (â€Å"Bodhi Leaf†). Nature is therefore made clear as one of the most important aspects of Buddhism. As Buddhists have such a deep reverence for nature, they believe in keeping peace with every aspect of nature. This does not just mean plants but also animals and other living creatures. However, that does not mean that all Buddhists must be vegetarians although it is strongly suggested to do so. It is said that the act of eating meat is a form of karma that will lead a person farther from Enlightenment. Therefore, the more meat one eats in one’s various lives, the more times one will have to experience the cycle of death and rebirth. On the other hand, some Buddhists believe in another view of meat eating. One is allowed to eat meat that one receives unless one knows or suspects that the meat in question was killed especially for one (Epstein). As far as sacrificial practices, meat is not sacrificed but instead herbs and incense are given up in prayer. Peace is a very important aspect of treating nature. Peace comes in many forms: peace towards environment, towards creatures, towards man, etc. A Buddhist definition of peace is â€Å"softening what is rigid in our hearts† (Chodron 17). In keeping with their attitude towards nature, Buddhists also believe that a man should not kill another man for any reason. In Buddhism, war is never the answer. In fact, the first few lines of the Dhammapada, a Buddhist scripture, state â€Å"For love is not conquered by hate: hate is conquered by love. This is a law eternal† (Chappell 81). Therefore, instead of fighting hate with hate, Buddhists believe in fighting hate with love. That is the only way to overcome and to reach Enlightenment. â€Å"’When someone seeks,’ said Siddhartha,’ then it easily happens that his eyes see only the thing that he seeks, and he is able to find nothing, to take in nothing because he always thinks only about the thing he is seeking, because he has one goal, because he is obsessed with his goal. Seeking means: having a goal. But finding means: being free, being open, having no goal. You, Venerable One, may truly be a seeker, for, in striving toward your goal, you fail to see certain things that are right under your nose. † (Hesse, 121-122) As previously stated, to reach Enlightenment, Buddhists believe all that is needed is understanding. The ultimate goal of Buddhists is to attain this understanding, this meaning, this Enlightenment. However, one must be aware that spending a life seeking is not the way to reach Enlightenment. To be a faithful Buddhist, one must understand that the key is not to seek. For, in seeking, as this quote says, the obvious is not seen. Buddhism then teaches that to reach Enlightenment, one must find not seek. Therefore, Buddhists do not seek to explain nature (Hanh 78). They are content with nature as it is- unexplained, for nature’s explanations can be found without seeking. â€Å"’Is this what you mean: that the river is everywhere at once, at its source and at its mouth, at the waterfall, at the ferry, at the rapids, in the sea ,in the mountains, everywhere at once, and only the present exists for it, and not the shadow of the future? ‘That is it,’ said Siddhartha. ‘And when I learned that, I looked at my life, and it was also a river and the boy Siddhartha was separated from the adult Siddhartha and from the old man Siddhartha only by shadow, not by substance. Nor were Siddhartha’s earlier births the past, and his death and his return to [Atman] are no future. Nothing was, nothing will be; everything is, every thing has being and is present† (Hesse 94). A final important aspect of Buddhism is the concept that time does not exist. Time is a man-made notion that does nothing but bring about worries. All sufferings in life can be attributed to time. Buddhists believe that once the concept of time is released, life will hold no more problems, worries, or stresses. Only then can Enlightenment be truly reached. When the concept of time is destroyed inside oneself, it allows for a completely new philosophy to surface. Greece is a country lined with hostile, jagged mountains, in which there are very few arable location surrounded by threatening seas. There is no cycle, no preconception, no structure. To the Ancient Greeks, it seemed that nature was not kind; nature was no friend to them. Therefore, their logic decided that they should be no friend to nature. Such was the physical and mental location of this people, and the beginning of many differences between Greek thought and Buddhism. Greeks living about six hundred years ere the birth of Christ were very religious, as well as very diverse spiritually. All the answers to their questions were found in different religions. Ancient Greeks passed down their religious traditions orally through myths. A myth is â€Å"a story about the gods which sets out to explain why life is as it is† (Gaarder, 22). Greek mythology was an integral part of Greek culture. The ‘miracle of Greece’ is a phrase that describes the awakening of Greek culture and its effects on the rest of the world. One way the Greeks accomplished this was through their focus on man’s importance. They put mankind at the center of their world so that man was all-important. The Greeks even created the gods in their own image, complete with very human qualities. This was the first time in history that a god was made into a recognizable, tangible form. Erstwhile, gods had no lucidity about them. Greek artists and poets realized how splendid a man could be, straight and swift and strong. He was the fulfillment of their search for beauty. They had no wish to create some fantasy shaped in their own minds† (Hamilton, 9). Man was put on a pedestal and made the most prominent being in the world, so that he was made into a deity. Any human could be the son of a god, thereby half-divine, an idea unheard of before this time. This idea of man being the ultimate authority is in complete contradiction to Buddhism, where man was equal to nature, not above it. And soon as the men had prayed and flung the barley, first they lifted back the heads of the victims, slit their throats, skinned them and carved away the meat from the thighbones and wrapped them in fat, a double fold sliced clean and topped with strips of flesh. And the old man burned these over dried split wood and over the quarters poured out glistening wine while young men at his side held five-pronged forks. Once they had burned the bones and tasted the organs they cut the rest into pieces, pierced them with spits, roasted them to a turn and pulled them off the fire† (Homer 93) Myths were also used for other purposes than learning. â€Å"But a myth was not only an explanation. People also carried out religious ceremonies related to the myths† (Gaarder, 25). Like most other religions at the time, the Ancient Greeks’ religions consisted of brutal rituals and rites that contrasted greatly to the thoughts of Buddhism (Connolly 87). Buddhism teaches of kindness to animals whereas Greek religion utilized animal cruelty as part of their holy worship to the gods. The gods of Olympus, who were created in the ultimate image of the Greek people, used the forms of innocent animals to manipulate and get what they wanted. In many instances, Zeus used the guise of animals when he wanted to capture a woman and gain her trust. â€Å"[T]hat very instant [Zeus] fell madly in love with Europa [†¦ H]e thought it well to be cautious, and before appearing to Europa he changed himself into a bull† (Hamilton 101). However, rather than setting an example to revere animals, this teaches people to use animals in any way possible to reach the desired end. Even more opposed to Buddhism was the fact that a Greek hero was someone who had extreme strength or other physical features that he could use against animals. Hercules is one of the best examples of this notion. He is considered the greatest Greek hero ever to live. Through a tragic sequence of events, he killed his sons and wife, but was doomed to live on in order to undergo a series of trials to redeem himself. His first predicament was to â€Å"kill the lion of Nemea. Hercules solved [that] by choking the life out of [the lion]† (Hamilton 231). Hercules also had to drive out the â€Å"Stymphalian birds, which were a plague to the people of Stymphalus because of their enormous numbers† (Hamilton 232). This shows that, unlike Buddhists, Greeks could not live in peace with nature, but instead hated nature. Ancient Greeks did not want anything to do with nature, let alone be a part of it. Hercules also had to capture many animals in these trials such as the â€Å"stag with horns of gold†, â€Å"a great boar which had its lair on Mount Erymanthus†, â€Å"the savage bull that Poseidon had given Minos†, â€Å"the man-eating mares of King Diomedes of Thrace†, the cattle of Geryon†, and â€Å"Cerberus the three-headed dog† (Hamilton 232-233). Hercules inspired the Greeks not by staying in peace with nature but instead by forcing it to conform to his will in a harsh, cruel way. Hercules made sure he was above nature, a predicament the Buddhists avoided and even condemned. In summary, Greeks wanted to overcome nature whereas Buddhists wanted to be one with nature. â€Å"So by the beaked ships the Argives formed for battle, arming round you, Achilles –Achilles starved for war-and faced the Trojan ranks along the plain’s high ground[†¦T]he Achaeans kept on gaining glory- great Achilles who held back from the brutal fighting so long had just come blazing forth. Chilling tremors shook the Trojans’ knees, down to the last man, terrified at the sight: the headlong runner coming, gleaming in all his gear, afire like man-destroying Ares† (Homer 503, 505). As previously stated, Buddhists lived by the doctrine to fight hate with love. If Ancient Greeks had a concise doctrine about war, it would have been to fight hate with more hate. Ancient Greek civilization centralized around their love of carnage. The majority of Ancient Greek myths revolved around war or other forms of fighting. The Iliad is a 537-page myth about one war and it glorifies all aspects of war. The heroes of The Iliad are not monks or The Buddha like in Buddhism. Instead, the heroes of The Iliad are Achilles and Hector, two soldiers magnificent in warfare and bloodthirsty through and through. In addition, Achilles is most illustrious in The Iliad when he is the most sanguinary. â€Å"[Diomedes] went whirling into the slaughter now, hacking left and right and hideous groans broke from the drying Thracians slashed by the sword-the ground ran red with blood. †¦]Tydeus’ son went tearing into that Thracian camp until he’d butchered twelve. [†¦]But now the son of Tydeus came upon the king, the thirteenth man, and ripped away his life. [†¦]Patroclus tore [Pronous’s] chest left bare by the shield-rim, loosed his knees and the man went crashing down. [†¦ Then Patroclus] stabbed [Thestor’s] right jawbone, ramming the spearhead square between his teeth so ha rd he hooked him by that spearhead over the chariot-rail, hoisted, dragged the Trojan out. [†¦Patroclus then] gaffed him off his car [†¦] and flipped him down face first, dead as he fell. Next [†¦] he flung a rock and it struck between [Erylaus’s] eyes and the man’s whole skull split in his heavy helmet. [Patroclus] crowded corpse on corpse on the earth. † (Homer, 292, 426-427) Even more horrific to the eyes of Buddhists would be the battle scenes in The Iliad that truly show the awe and glory the ancient Greeks saw in war. The Iliad was a myth that served more as entertainment than anything else. This shows that Ancient Greeks were amused by this kind of literature. Buddhists believe in not seeking to explain nature. By contrast, Ancient Greeks did precisely this with their myths. [A myth] is an explanation of something in nature; how, for instance, any and everything in the universe came into existence: men, animals, this of that tree or flower, the sun, the moon, the stars, storms, eruptions, earthquakes, all that is and all that happens† (Hamilton 12). Ancient Greeks wanted to know how everything happened around them so they could ma nipulate their environment more easily. This is a central division between Ancient Greeks and Buddhism. Whereas Buddhists believe that time does not exist, Ancient Greeks were engrossed by time. All throughout The Iliad, Homer stresses how long the war has been going on and how it worries and distresses everyone involved. Unlike Buddhists, the Greeks do not disown the belief of time. They stay true to the traditional man-made vision of time instead of throwing out their problems by abandoning the idea of time. â€Å"[The natural philosopher] Heraclitus (c. 540-480 B. C. )[†¦] was from Ephesus in Asia Minor. He thought that constant change, or glow, was in fact the most basic characteristic of nature. [†¦ ]‘Everything flows,’ said Heraclitus. Everything is in constant flux and movement, nothing is abiding. Therefore we ‘cannot step twice into the same river. When I step into the river for the second time, neither I nor the river are the same’† (Gaarder 34). Slowly, Greek culture started to move away from religion and more towards philosophy. It evolved from a â€Å"mythological mode of thought to one based on experience and reason† (Gaarder 27). People could make ideas for themselves and create new beliefs instead of going back to the myths. The world started a shift from relying on religion to analyzing the world with science and philosophy. Surprisingly, this is where similarities between Greek and Buddhist culture were born. At first, the two religions of the ancient Greeks and the Buddhists clashed greatly. However, through the move away from mythical religion the Greek beliefs were brought closer towards the religion of Buddhism. Heraclitus here used the same metaphor for his philosophy as Siddhartha used for his. Although the passages were said in different situations and with different words, both quotes have the same general philosophy that time does not truly exist. A river is usually a sign of separation; a river acts as a divider in most cases. However, this river brings two very different cultures together in a very powerful way that is clear to all. Nature is everything outside and inside a man or a woman or a child. Nature is every breath taken, every step forward, every glance made, every wind blown, and every flower planted. The two cultures of Greece and Buddhism showed great contrasts in the beginning but one resounding similarity was found in something as simple as a river. India shows a cyclic weather that inspired the thought of rebirth while Greece shows a harsh terrain that inspired animosity between man and nature. As a consequence, Buddhists thought that nature and man are one while Greeks were taught to be above nature and manipulate it in any way possible. Buddhists lived in ultimate peace while the ancient Greeks lived in love of carnage. The Buddhist outlook on nature is derived from the belief that man is one with nature whereas the original Greek outlook is derived from the thought that man is above nature. Nature is the essence of the world, the aura of everything around people. These two cultures, although vastly different, impacted human belief and intellect forever. How to cite Buddhism Versus Greek Mythology, Essay examples

Market Opportunity Analysis Essay Example For Students

Market Opportunity Analysis Essay MARKET OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS Market Opportunity Analysis  is a prime tool to determine attractiveness and probability of success in the growing market. It  helps  in understanding: †¢ It is important for companies to evaluate opportunities so as to grow their  business  and to sustain in a competitive world where competitors Following is the Opportunity Matrix that can be used to analyze opportunity.    |Success Probability | |   | | |Attractiveness | | | |   |High |Low | | | | | | | |  High | | | | |  Low | | | | | |1 |2 | | | |3 |4 | -determines opportunity that is  High  on Attractiveness as well as High on Success Probability. 2 -on the other hand is opportunity that is High on Attractiveness and Low on Success Probability. 3 -determine opportunity that is Low on Attractiveness and High on Success Probability. 4 -on the other hand is  case  where Attractiveness is Low and even probability is very Low. CASE STUDY APT TECHNOLOGIES Apt Technologies promoted by technocrat entrepreneurs was established in the year 2003, in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. The organization was registered as trader importer of packaging machines and equipments Apt Technologies promotes world class products imported from Taiwan, Japan and Singapore in the Brand name of Apt Pack OBJECTIVE To evaluate the market opportunity analysis based on the, If the opportunity can be articulated in order to benefit companies target market(s) Can cost-effective channels to reach the target market be figured out Is the company internally capable of delivering what’s expected by customers Can the company survive the competitor What will the  effect  be on companies financial Return On Investment (ROI) ANALYSIS ? If the opportunity can be articulated in order to benefit companies target market(s) In our packaging industry the opportunities are associated with the below informations to meet the target market OPPORTUNITIES †¢ Could develop new products. †¢ Local competitors have poor products. †¢ Profit margins will be good. End-users respond to new ideas. †¢ Could extend to overseas. †¢ New specialist applications. †¢ Can surprise competitors. †¢ Support core business economies. †¢ Could seek better supplier deals ? Can cost-effective channels to reach the target market be figured out After having defined the target customer we figure out the best way to reach them which are †¢ DIRECT MAIL -We show the features in the brochure, show the benefits in the letter, and get the reader to call us †¢ YELLOW PAGES Reaches consumers at an excellent time — when they are ready to shop or need information about products they are about to purchase †¢ TRADE SHOWS -Trade shows are an excellent way to get industry information, meet competitors, network, find resources, receive product feedback, and explore new ways of marketing face to face with both exhibitors and atte ndees. †¢ TELEMARKETING Telemarketing is an viable tool to reach the target customer. Speak with them and study their requirements and provoke them to buy the product. To our company it plays a major role as we get appointment and the sales executive meet them which ends up in a positive sales ? Is the company internally capable of delivering what’s expected by customers We have determined our capabilities on which we frequently work to meet the customers expectations †¢ End-user sales control and direction. †¢ Right products, quality and reliability. †¢ Superior product performance vs competitors. †¢ Better product life and durability. †¢ Spare manufacturing capacity. †¢ Some staff have experience of end-user sector. †¢ Have customer lists. Direct delivery capability. †¢ Product innovations ongoing. †¢ Can serve from existing sites. †¢ Products have required accreditations. †¢ Management is committed and confident. ? Can the company survive the competitor Our strategy is to create identity and image that sets us apart from the competitors. We always keep in mind few important BOLD aspects for our survival as, †¢ Be close to the customers by providing them quality products and services -serving the customers effectively and well, and of communicating to them an image, impression, or characteristics of business. Differentiate the product or service -Customizing the product or service to the customers requirement †¢ Position your products and services -By promotional activities †¢ Promote your business by advertising -To find our niche, which is composed of a specific group or class of buyers who need and like our products and services. ? What will the  effect  be on companies financial Return On Investment (ROI) ROI can also help manage an advertising campaign as effectiveness measures help identify which specific media platforms deliver the best bang for the buck. .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 , .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .postImageUrl , .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 , .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:hover , .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:visited , .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:active { border:0!important; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:active , .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896 .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ace241f09c9ce3b98bf91af710c1896:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Philosophy Of Education EssayROI research helps to drive budget allocation among different campaigns, allocating more to those that have provided the best return in the past. These templates help the Financial planning process by Spliting and analysing the business or sales according to the main products/services (or revenue streams) according to the profit drivers or levers (variables that you can change which affect profit. |quantity |total sales value |average value |% gross margin |total sales or gross | | | | | | |margin | |product 1 | | | | | | |product 2 | | | | | |product 3 | | | | | | |product 4 | | | | | | |totals | | | | | | Split by market sector (or segment): |quantity |total sales value |average value |% gross margin |total sales or gross | | | | | | |margin | |Sector 1 | | | | | | |Sector 2 | | | | | | |Sector 3 | | | | | | |Sector 4 | | | | | | |totals | | | | | | And split by distributor (or route to market): |quantity |total sales value |average value |% gross margin |total sales or gross | | | | | | |margin | |Distributor 1 | | | | | | |Distributor 2 | | | | | | |Distributor 3 | | | | | | |Distributor 4 | | | | | | |totals | | | | | | Thus we concentrate on each segment and calculate the cost incurred for advertisement required for each sector and arrive at revenues got out of it CONCLUSION The result of the Needs Assessment was an analysis of our potential market: The concerns of each market sector and the information needed by each customer or potential customer. The Information Audit helped to analyze what products is capable of offering and how effective it has been in marketing its services

Sabbath Review Essay Example

Sabbath Review Paper Essay on Sabbath One hundred pages and the protagonist is also urinate did not have time! Currently stands at a night window and staring at the sky, at which flying engulfed the plane. Reading Saturday McEwan I did not leave the fire feeling that someone does not give rest to the laurels of one of Dublin walks. Do not even want to especially believe the headlines, but, yes, 300 pages -. A description of a day in the life of the protagonist, neurosurgeon Henry Perowne I can not adequately respond on this book, because as I think I should live a little to reach the age of the protagonist with his everyday existentialism in anticipation of fifty dollars. Better simply to retell what happens in the novel. Henry wakes up Henry saw the plane Henry gets into an accident Henry confronted with bullies Henry loses the game of squash Henry comes to visit her mother in a nursing home Henry is preparing a special dinner Henry communicates with her son and daughter in the house of Henry break all the same bullies and arrange something in the spirit of Funny games, Haneke Henry comes out the winner Henry operates a bully Henry falls asleep. Along the way, he reminisces about the past, think about the future from the standpoint of rational positivism. Arguing with himself and the daughter of the war in Iraq (this Saturday on the eve of the invasion, Blair gave the go-ahead, and all over the world are going to crowded protest marches). Henry reflects on music and literature. Henry followed the news about the plane. Henry lives just another Saturday We will write a custom essay sample on Sabbath Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sabbath Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sabbath Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thats just it, just live -. There was one of the stumbling blocks to evaluate novel appreciation for me. The book not only McEwan asks a lot of pressing issues, but also depicts the leisurely 300 pages for the main shotgun Henry clashes with bullies, robbers, but this shot is somehow a bunch. Moreover, the attack itself Perowne family, rather cruel (though not carried to completion), but the figure of the attacker Baxter is not clear. Henry, emotionally, as though just chews it. (Although this is not entirely true.) In general, this is McEwan, who became familiar to me for On the Beach and some of the stories from the First love, last anointing. Many fine and interesting observations (of the inhabitants, the world, art, literature, man and society), many subtexts or potential sites for parallels, and little dialogue 100 page to help =) very slowly, very rich, but a bit boring to read. PS With me a little into an argument, stressing that it is very boring to read. I try to be less categorical.

Free Essays on Frederick Douglass’ Status Elevation Through Disassociation From Slavery

Frederick Douglass states he found himself regretting his own existence. Douglass is humiliated by his slavery status, and attempts to elevate himself in other’s eyes. Douglass writes about slavery from a third person point of view, free of personal accounts. Douglas attains an education; something very uncommon for slaves. He affirms his father is a white man, while not having any true confirmation in writing. Altering his name from Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to Frederick Douglass changes his identity and removes his â€Å"slave† identity. Douglass’s narrative takes on a modest tone about his classification as a slave as he struggles to pursue an elevated status in society. Douglass’ recount is written in the third person point of view, removing him from the condition of slavery. He removes himself so easily because in writing the narrative, he is no longer a slave. However, consciously or subconsciously, Douglass displays his elevated status by writing and through his recognition as an autobiographer. Referring to the slaves’ feelings about the Great House Farm, and not his own elevates his position and disassociates himself from slavery in the reader’s mind. â€Å"The slaves selected to go to the Great House Farm, for the monthly allowance for themselves and their fellow-slaves, were peculiarly enthusiastic (Douglass 270).† Although Douglass writes in third person often, he chooses the narrative voice when he retells about his education, allowing him to become a freed slave. Education for Douglass was attainable due to Mrs. Auld, the white boys, and his own perseverance. Because Mrs. Auld was the first teacher Douglass had, reading gave Douglass the ability to learn about possibilities and gain a desire to improve his condition. Closer to his age, the white boys helped him learn to read, and instilled within him a need to become equal with them. â€Å"Have not I as good a right to be free as you have (Do... Free Essays on Frederick Douglass’ Status Elevation Through Disassociation From Slavery Free Essays on Frederick Douglass’ Status Elevation Through Disassociation From Slavery Frederick Douglass states he found himself regretting his own existence. Douglass is humiliated by his slavery status, and attempts to elevate himself in other’s eyes. Douglass writes about slavery from a third person point of view, free of personal accounts. Douglas attains an education; something very uncommon for slaves. He affirms his father is a white man, while not having any true confirmation in writing. Altering his name from Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to Frederick Douglass changes his identity and removes his â€Å"slave† identity. Douglass’s narrative takes on a modest tone about his classification as a slave as he struggles to pursue an elevated status in society. Douglass’ recount is written in the third person point of view, removing him from the condition of slavery. He removes himself so easily because in writing the narrative, he is no longer a slave. However, consciously or subconsciously, Douglass displays his elevated status by writing and through his recognition as an autobiographer. Referring to the slaves’ feelings about the Great House Farm, and not his own elevates his position and disassociates himself from slavery in the reader’s mind. â€Å"The slaves selected to go to the Great House Farm, for the monthly allowance for themselves and their fellow-slaves, were peculiarly enthusiastic (Douglass 270).† Although Douglass writes in third person often, he chooses the narrative voice when he retells about his education, allowing him to become a freed slave. Education for Douglass was attainable due to Mrs. Auld, the white boys, and his own perseverance. Because Mrs. Auld was the first teacher Douglass had, reading gave Douglass the ability to learn about possibilities and gain a desire to improve his condition. Closer to his age, the white boys helped him learn to read, and instilled within him a need to become equal with them. â€Å"Have not I as good a right to be free as you have (Do...

Ability to learn is affected by the classroom environment

â€Å" The physical environment of a schoolroom explains a batch about the outlooks of a instructor towards their pupils † ( Konza, Grainger A ; Bradshaw, 2001 ) . Before a pupil begins larning efficaciously they must be provided with a safe, positive and supportive learning civilization. In return will cut down struggle and enhance acquisition capablenesss. A pupil ‘s instruction is affected by the undermentioned constructs of the schoolroom environment: pick of coloring material, type of lighting, noise degree, room temperature, category size and ornament. A classrooms pick of coloring material impacts extremely on pupils larning. Certain colorss used on the walls of the schoolroom create both good and bad tempers ; impacting pupil larning. Mood is a pertinent facet of larning within a schoolroom. A pupil who is in a good temper and environment by others in a good temper will seek to larn and take in more from their lessons. Where as a pupil who is in a bad temper and surrounded by others in a bad temper will be loath to larn and seek distraction. Konza, Grainger A ; Bradshaw ‘s, ( 2001 ) research proves the colors orange, yellow, green, and light blue used in schoolrooms create a cheerful, sociable environment with minimum ill will and annoyance. In return allow for pupils to increase the consumption of information and apprehension for larning. Opposed to the dull, white, brown and black colorss used in a schoolroom that creates a non- stimulating nor productive environment. Hence colour itself is a critical portion in promotin g comfy and effectual acquisition. Consequently the pick of coloring material when utilizing in a schoolroom puting demands to be addressed as it impacts extremely on a pupil ‘s temper and in return affects their learning abilities. Sound is another construct that impacts on a pupil larning. On a day-to-day footing the schoolroom encounters many sums and different types of noise and can run from: schoolroom treatments, background noise, conversations and music. Nevertheless Marsh ( 2008 ) states that â€Å" sounds are all around us, nevertheless when sounds are unwanted they are redeemed as noise † . In order to larn pupils are subjected to conversations throughout their twenty-four hours, if non by the instructor, but themselves and other equals. The degree of variable noise will change depending on scenes such as the difference between libraries to art categories. Every schoolroom has background noise such as fans, airing, treatments and conversations which is step in dBs as BNL ( Background noise degrees ) . Marsh ( 2008 ) . A instructor can pass on clearly in a quiet voice when the BNL rises to 35dB, supplying a safe and comfy ambiance. A normal voice will transport good over a BNL of 40dB where larni ng takes its extremum as information and instructions can be delivered and heard clearly. Opposed to anything over 45dB or 50 dubnium where a instructor or pupil must talk really aloud which in return can do distraction, annoyance, emphasis and weariness ( Marsh, 2008 ) . Due to the fortunes of being subjected to a assortment of different degrees of noise within a schoolroom, pupils can change between efficient acquisition and aside. This clearly outlines the importance of noise degree in the schoolroom and its effects on instruction. There is much research grounds based on the effects of category size that is redeemed to be contradictory, whether it impacts on pupils accomplishments or non. However there are many survey ‘s that do place the significance of category size and its impact on pupil larning. Such as, Larkin, ( 2004 ) who states â€Å" that by cut downing category size, particularly for the younger kids, will hold a positive consequence on pupil accomplishment † . In making so will construct better instructor pupil relationships which will break their attitude towards larning and better their instruction. The province authorities had taken action to cut down category sizes for illustration New South Wales had aimed to hold category sizes changing from 20 to 24 pupils in the first three old ages of schooling for all province schools by 2007.Marsh ( 2008 ) . The pupils within these schoolrooms will hold the chance to derive more of the instructor ‘s clip, attending and instruction. Leti ng for more one- on- one instruction to take topographic point in the schoolroom and clip and attending for inquiries and replies that will heighten pupil cognition and better their instruction. Rather than, the pupils being subjected to big category size where the instructor struggles to run into the demands of all his or her pupils. In return go forthing the pupils troubled, unconfident and discerning towards their instructor, schooling and in peculiar instruction itself. Based on the synthesis of Course, Minus, A ; Passing. ( 2008 ) that little categories in the early classs generate better environments for pupils and these are greater the longer the pupils are exposed to the smaller categories. Due to the consequence of pupil accomplishment displayed in the authorities ‘s actions to make smaller category sizes, it is now more of precedence within schools to move on the information and work towards smaller categories as it is turn outing to be successful. Based on authorit ies consequences and theoreticians, the success of the passage to smaller categories is sketching the significance category size has on pupil acquisition. When measuring the schoolroom environment, temperature is a critical construct as it can impact pupil ‘s behavior and in return their ability to take on cognition. Marsh ( 2008 ) states that â€Å" Common sense would bespeak that there is a reasonably limited temperature scope in which school pupils might be expected to work at their best † . She explains that high temperatures can do some pupils to be cranky and uncomfortable and in utmost instances both unenrgetic and nauseating. Equally good as cold temperatures that may convey out aggression and negative behavior in some pupils within the schoolroom. The temperature of a schoolroom can be altered through the usage and execution of osculating ceiling fans, oil and gas fired warmers and air-conditioning. Marsh ( 2008 ) . It is the duty of the instructor to be cognizant of the possibilities of temperature emphasis if excessively high or low temperatures prevail and adjust their activities consequently. Temperature is a critical facet on the schoolroom environment. It can change how a pupil feels and in return their attitude to school and instruction. Therefore temperature has considerable impact on a pupil ‘s ability to larn comfortably and expeditiously. A pupil ‘s ability to larn is extremely affected by the constructs of the schoolroom environment. Students go to school to be educated and this instruction can be manipulated by many factors that exist within the schoolroom. Therefore changeless alteration and appraisal of schoolrooms is needed to guarantee that there is an addition of sufficient and effectual acquisition taking topographic point without distraction and hurt. By researching and admiting that the schoolroom environment has many constructs to it such as pick of coloring material, degree of noise, category size and temperature that all impact on how a pupil learns and their ability to larn. The school and instructors can work together to make a comfy acquisition environment to accommodate the acquisition demands of pupils. Ability to learn is affected by the classroom environment â€Å" The physical environment of a schoolroom explains a batch about the outlooks of a instructor towards their pupils † ( Konza, Grainger A ; Bradshaw, 2001 ) . Before a pupil begins larning efficaciously they must be provided with a safe, positive and supportive learning civilization. In return will cut down struggle and enhance acquisition capablenesss. A pupil ‘s instruction is affected by the undermentioned constructs of the schoolroom environment: pick of coloring material, type of lighting, noise degree, room temperature, category size and ornament. A classrooms pick of coloring material impacts extremely on pupils larning. Certain colorss used on the walls of the schoolroom create both good and bad tempers ; impacting pupil larning. Mood is a pertinent facet of larning within a schoolroom. A pupil who is in a good temper and environment by others in a good temper will seek to larn and take in more from their lessons. Where as a pupil who is in a bad temper and surrounded by others in a bad temper will be loath to larn and seek distraction. Konza, Grainger A ; Bradshaw ‘s, ( 2001 ) research proves the colors orange, yellow, green, and light blue used in schoolrooms create a cheerful, sociable environment with minimum ill will and annoyance. In return allow for pupils to increase the consumption of information and apprehension for larning. Opposed to the dull, white, brown and black colorss used in a schoolroom that creates a non- stimulating nor productive environment. Hence colour itself is a critical portion in promotin g comfy and effectual acquisition. Consequently the pick of coloring material when utilizing in a schoolroom puting demands to be addressed as it impacts extremely on a pupil ‘s temper and in return affects their learning abilities. Sound is another construct that impacts on a pupil larning. On a day-to-day footing the schoolroom encounters many sums and different types of noise and can run from: schoolroom treatments, background noise, conversations and music. Nevertheless Marsh ( 2008 ) states that â€Å" sounds are all around us, nevertheless when sounds are unwanted they are redeemed as noise † . In order to larn pupils are subjected to conversations throughout their twenty-four hours, if non by the instructor, but themselves and other equals. The degree of variable noise will change depending on scenes such as the difference between libraries to art categories. Every schoolroom has background noise such as fans, airing, treatments and conversations which is step in dBs as BNL ( Background noise degrees ) . Marsh ( 2008 ) . A instructor can pass on clearly in a quiet voice when the BNL rises to 35dB, supplying a safe and comfy ambiance. A normal voice will transport good over a BNL of 40dB where larni ng takes its extremum as information and instructions can be delivered and heard clearly. Opposed to anything over 45dB or 50 dubnium where a instructor or pupil must talk really aloud which in return can do distraction, annoyance, emphasis and weariness ( Marsh, 2008 ) . Due to the fortunes of being subjected to a assortment of different degrees of noise within a schoolroom, pupils can change between efficient acquisition and aside. This clearly outlines the importance of noise degree in the schoolroom and its effects on instruction. There is much research grounds based on the effects of category size that is redeemed to be contradictory, whether it impacts on pupils accomplishments or non. However there are many survey ‘s that do place the significance of category size and its impact on pupil larning. Such as, Larkin, ( 2004 ) who states â€Å" that by cut downing category size, particularly for the younger kids, will hold a positive consequence on pupil accomplishment † . In making so will construct better instructor pupil relationships which will break their attitude towards larning and better their instruction. The province authorities had taken action to cut down category sizes for illustration New South Wales had aimed to hold category sizes changing from 20 to 24 pupils in the first three old ages of schooling for all province schools by 2007.Marsh ( 2008 ) . The pupils within these schoolrooms will hold the chance to derive more of the instructor ‘s clip, attending and instruction. Leti ng for more one- on- one instruction to take topographic point in the schoolroom and clip and attending for inquiries and replies that will heighten pupil cognition and better their instruction. Rather than, the pupils being subjected to big category size where the instructor struggles to run into the demands of all his or her pupils. In return go forthing the pupils troubled, unconfident and discerning towards their instructor, schooling and in peculiar instruction itself. Based on the synthesis of Course, Minus, A ; Passing. ( 2008 ) that little categories in the early classs generate better environments for pupils and these are greater the longer the pupils are exposed to the smaller categories. Due to the consequence of pupil accomplishment displayed in the authorities ‘s actions to make smaller category sizes, it is now more of precedence within schools to move on the information and work towards smaller categories as it is turn outing to be successful. Based on authorit ies consequences and theoreticians, the success of the passage to smaller categories is sketching the significance category size has on pupil acquisition. When measuring the schoolroom environment, temperature is a critical construct as it can impact pupil ‘s behavior and in return their ability to take on cognition. Marsh ( 2008 ) states that â€Å" Common sense would bespeak that there is a reasonably limited temperature scope in which school pupils might be expected to work at their best † . She explains that high temperatures can do some pupils to be cranky and uncomfortable and in utmost instances both unenrgetic and nauseating. Equally good as cold temperatures that may convey out aggression and negative behavior in some pupils within the schoolroom. The temperature of a schoolroom can be altered through the usage and execution of osculating ceiling fans, oil and gas fired warmers and air-conditioning. Marsh ( 2008 ) . It is the duty of the instructor to be cognizant of the possibilities of temperature emphasis if excessively high or low temperatures prevail and adjust their activities consequently. Temperature is a critical facet on the schoolroom environment. It can change how a pupil feels and in return their attitude to school and instruction. Therefore temperature has considerable impact on a pupil ‘s ability to larn comfortably and expeditiously. A pupil ‘s ability to larn is extremely affected by the constructs of the schoolroom environment. Students go to school to be educated and this instruction can be manipulated by many factors that exist within the schoolroom. Therefore changeless alteration and appraisal of schoolrooms is needed to guarantee that there is an addition of sufficient and effectual acquisition taking topographic point without distraction and hurt. By researching and admiting that the schoolroom environment has many constructs to it such as pick of coloring material, degree of noise, category size and temperature that all impact on how a pupil learns and their ability to larn. The school and instructors can work together to make a comfy acquisition environment to accommodate the acquisition demands of pupils.

Artificial lung Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Artificial lung - Research Paper Example The respiratory system is a complex yet beautiful system to behold. The breathing that the body does cannot take place without the respiratory system. This system consists of the nose, throat, voice box, wind pipe and the lungs. â€Å"We live because we breathe. Inhaled breath brings life sustaining oxygen into our body. Oxygen is the fuel that makes our body function. Every minute we breathe in about 13 pints of air. Our lungs are essentially 2500 km of airways, through which oxygen is delivered to all parts of the body from the lungs, and carbon dioxide exhaled from the lungs is sent out into the atmosphere† (Colon, San Miguel and Zayas, 2004). â€Å"With this in mind, the scientists have developed devices that can help or replace the natural lung. These devices help our respiratory system during an operation or afterwards, but can only be used for a recuperation time† (Colon, San Miguel and Zayas, 2004). â€Å"People who need a lung-transplant can only wait and hope that a donor organ will materialize in time. But all too often, time runs out. In response to the United States' critical shortage of donor organs, researchers have been racing to develop artificial organs that would serve as a "bridge" to transplantation. One such device is the Bio Lung, which may be tested in people soon† (Downs, 2011). This device is called, the artificial lung. The only purpose of the artificial lung is to make sure that the blood has oxygen. This device is not the same as the heart-lung machine, because this one is placed inside the body and it is supposed to replace the work of the natural lungs for a long duration of time. In contrast, the heart-lung machine is outside the body and it is used for short periods, only when needed. According to Marcus (2008), â€Å"Early artificial-breathing devices include the tank respirator, or "iron lung," introduced in the late 1920s and known for its role in treating polio victims. Current treatment for lung failur e is to hook patients up to an artificial respirator. It is costly, immobile and requires intubation, a process that can cause infection, says John Conte, a heart-and-lung transplant surgeon and associate professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. ‘You don't want to take a patient who's been flat on his back, with poor muscles and infection at the IV site, and do a transplant. That's a recipe for disaster.’ Artificial lungs are small and portable, however, and are designed to allow patients to remain mobile and therefore stronger for surgery.† How the Artificial Lung Works With lungs that are healthy, the vessels that carry blood take in the oxygen that has been pumped from the heart, and after that, they let go of carbon dioxide by breathing out. â€Å"The idea was to develop a new way to study the lung that would be useful in drug development and might serve as a replacement for animal studies. The device, about the size of a pea, mimics the func tion of air sacs called alveoli, which transfer oxygen through a thin membrane from the lung to the blood. The device has three parts -- lung cells, a permeable membrane and tiny blood vessel or capillary cells† (Steenhuysen, 2010). According to Downs (2011), â€Å"The system now used in hospitals is known as ECMO, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ECMO machines take over the

Molecular Changes in Oral Cancer Progression and Their Underlying Essay

Molecular Changes in Oral Cancer Progression and Their Underlying Mechanisms - Essay Example Alcohol has been found to be a primary risk factor in oral SCC.5 Other factors include tobacco consumption, genetic predisposition, viral infection, and denture related factors.2, 6, 7 The process of oral carcinogenesis is a multifactorial and multistep process occurring when epithelial cells are exposed to genetic alterations.8 Complex molecular changes associated with oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes (TSG), and other factors underlie the development and progression of oral cancer. A study of these molecular mechanisms is vital in order to better diagnose and detect oral cancer related alterations that are often invisible under a microscope.8 The present paper outlines some of the molecular changes that are believed to contribute to oral cancer progression. The mechanisms underlying some of these molecular changes are also discussed. II. Progression of Oral Cancer The pathological progression of cancer takes place when normal cells are transformed to pre-malignant cells and then to malignant cells through the accumulation of mutations.9 The progression of oral cancer from dysplasia to the stage of metastasis is associated with multistage pathologic changes caused by molecular alterations.10 The pathologic phenotypes involved in cancer progression include increase in cell proliferation, horizontal spread and survival, which are associated with molecular changes such as altered expression of molecules such as p53 that regulate cell cycle, altered growth factor response, altered protein metabolism and synthesis, and cell immortality associated with telomerase.10 The progression of oral cancer may also be attributed to other molecular changes that lead to the overproduction of growth factors, increase in the number of cell surface receptors, alterations in transcriptional factors and signal messengers, etc.8 III. Molecular Changes Contributing to the Progression of Oral Cancer As already stated, the progression of oral cancer occurs as a result of multistep genet ic alterations resulting from molecular changes. The normal functioning of the oncogenes and TSGs is altered due to which there is an increase in the production of growth factors, transcription factors, intracellular signal messengers and/or number of cell surface receptors.11 These alterations lead to phenotypic changes in the cell, which facilitate cell proliferation and suppress cell cohesion, subsequently enabling the infiltration of malignant cells.11 McGregor et al. have shown that the initial stages of oral cancer progression from the dysplasia stage are associated with loss of the expression of (RAR)-? retinoic acid receptor, loss of expression of p16 cell cycle inhibitor, mutations in p53, and an increase in the levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA.12 There is an increase in the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor after the dysplasia sta

The Immediate Need to Implement Clean Renewable Energy Sources Essay Example for Free

The Immediate Need to Implement Clean Renewable Energy Sources Essay In the words of Nobel Peace Prize winner, Al Gore, we have a â€Å"planetary emergency† at our hands (Gore). For the last 30 years, earth has steadily been exposed to harmful greenhouse gases resulting in continuous degradation to our environment. The World Watch Institute has reported the earth’s ice layer is melting at its fastest rate ever (Mayhew, 62+). Fuel-based power plants, population increase and deforestation are the primary factors why our planet is dying. The main sources of energy we use to provide us with electricity are still fossil fuels. Coal and oil might be ample in supply but their smoke emissions are the primary sources of greenhouse gases which deplete our ozone layer. Our population has continued to increase in number and it goes without saying that energy consumption will increase in direct proportion. Basic science and biology has taught us that plants absorb carbon dioxide. Why we continue to deplete our forests that help dissolve the smoke emissions of diesel power plants borders on insanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time and again, people like Al Gore have reminded us that we are accelerating our own doom from continued use of environmentally harmful sources of energy. Much has been said about global warming that people tend to forget that our planet has also experienced acid rains due the various environmental poisons we introduced 20 years ago (Ellis, 17). Yet people still go about their normal ways, refusing to take immediate action to such a global event with catastrophic consequences. Our passive reaction is always â€Å"As long as it doesn’t affect my daily way of life, I wouldn’t bother†. Well look at where such dismissive attitudes have brought us now? The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has come to the conclusion that the entire world would have to cut greenhouse emissions to as much as 80% just to slow down its effects on the environment (). Such a change would lead us to developing alternative sources of energy, ones that are clean and renewable for sustainable and lasting use. Sun and wind energy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although there are various sources of renewable energy: biomass, water, wind and solar energy, we need to focus our attention on the last two. Biomass, which is composed of plant matter and animal wastes still produce some amount of greenhouse emissions when burned for energy. Hydroelectric power plants sometimes destroy aquatic habitats. If we are to make drastic changes to our sources of energy, it might as well be the right ones with little or no compromises. Wind and solar energy are the cleanest sources we have. It has always been there from the moment we rise up till we retire for the night. We might as well use it to our full benefit. At 25% growth rate per year, wind energy is the fastest rising source of renewable energy (Mayhew, 62+). Wind farms can be built in areas with abundance of blowing air like mountains and shore lines. Solar energy technology has always been available since the conception of solar panels and solar cells. Calculators for example have benefited from the miniature solar panels that help reduce the reliance on batteries. Cost is the main obstacle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coal and fossil fuel technology have long been accepted as the norm. The cost in developing wind farms and solar panels while we already have energy sources does not make good business sense. Even the predicted yearly reduction of up to 8% in the cost of solar cells for the next 20 years still have not attracted businessmen to convert to renewable energy (Mayhew, 62+). Perhaps it is time for these businessmen and money makers to crunch the numbers and calculate the cost of buying a new planet. We hold the key to our own extinction by continuing to use our current energy sources. Although undeserved, humanity still has a chance to change its fate. By funding improvements to renewable energy technology and implementing infrastructure for its applications, we may yet improve our situation. China for example is ahead of the curve in investing in renewable energy sources. They use gadgets like solar water heaters to lessen their dependence on fossil fuels (Clay, 30+). As large as China is, efforts to reverse greenhouse effects cannot lie on one country. This isn’t about economics anymore, so we should just throw the expenses out the window. This time, the cheapest and the most commonly used sources of energy is no longer viable. This is now about survival. Costs can no longer be a consideration. Hundreds of billions of dollars are used for senseless wars that do nothing but destroy. How much are we willing to spend to save our planet? Successful examples There are already some areas which can provide us with the blueprints for successful implementation of renewable energy sources. The island of Tac in Chile was previously engulfed in darkness. Their government afforded them the resources to utilize their abundance of wind to power their remotely located island. Today, wind farms power their homes, schools and work areas with no harmful effects to the environment. On another part of the world, Sri Lanka through credit unions, has sold more than 4,000 units of solar energy dependent homes (Clay, 30+). This will allow them to reduce and perhaps totally remove their dependence on fuel based power plants. The two countries are not among the most powerful, one can even argue that they belong to the lower echelons of economic stability, yet they realize the importance of using alternative energy to not only cater to their present needs but also answer the clamor for cleaner and renewable sources of power. It starts with the United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States is the most powerful nation in the world. Everybody follows America’s lead. If there is any chance to save the world, it is imperative that the shift to renewable energy starts with them. In the words of French ruler, Jacques Chirac, It is in the Americans, in the first place, that we place our hopes of effectively limiting greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale (Mayhew, 62+). For all its power and greatness, America is also the largest contributor of environmental degradation. It is responsible for 25% of the earth’s greenhouse gas emissions (Mayhew, 62+). America must lead the cleanup of the mess it helped create. There is now a need to implement clean and renewable energy sources to reverse the years of abuse our world has endured. The task is daunting, but with government policies and strategies to force Americans to shift to solar and wind energy, there is a chance for every one else to follow. Perhaps this is the opportunity for America to shed its war mongering image and become the nation that saved the entire planet. Wouldn’t that be a more pleasant legacy to leave behind? Works Cited: Clay, Rebecca. Renewable Energy: Empowering the Developing World. Environmental Health Perspectives 110(2002): 30+. Ellis, Jane. Why Promote Renewable Energy? OECD Observer a.(1996): 17. Gore, Al. An Inconvenient Truth. 31 May 2006. National Public Radio. 6 Dec 2007 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5441976. Mayhew, Michael. Appetite for Destruction: Renewable Energy Sources Can Help America- And the Rest of the World-Reduce Environmental Impacts While Improving Quality of Life. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 16(2001): 62+.

Characterization in The Little Prince and Pinocchio Essay -- essays pa

Characterization in The Little Prince and Pinocchio Children’s stories are often written about growing up or appreciating the joy of being a kid. These stories consist of characters that children can easily relate to and offer the road to exciting adventures. The main character has a personality very similar to the young readers. They have childlike qualities that are enchanting, lovable, curious and especially adventurous. The protagonist encounters individuals on his adventures, which have specific characteristics that mirror the traits of the main character. The reader may also boast these same characteristics, which guides the reader to understand the conflicts they may encounter in life. These dominant traits are very simple to spot and are used to create powerful images and send influential messages of morality either directly or indirectly to the young readers. Each character symbolizes a specific temptation or obstacle a child must take in order to grow into a good and moral adult. In the two stories of The Litt le Prince by Saint-Exupery and Pinocchio by Collodi, the authors effectively illustrate how important it is to learn self-discipline as a child even when it is so easy to get caught up in the moment and lose sight of the big picture. Through the effective character personality traits and their captivating adventures the child stays attentive and retains the moral lesson the author is attempting to convey. Pinocchio and the Little Prince are very similar characters. They are exciting, curious and adventurous and are both striving towards a particular goal. Pinocchio wants to become a boy and must abide by certain conditions before his ultimate goal can be reached. The Little Prince is on an excit... ...tle Prince’s soul rests in his home planet through the rose. Like the Prince, the rose is delicate and needs protection from outside dangers. Her roots are planted at home and she is in need of constant care. Dynamic characterization of Pinocchio and the Little Prince, as well as minor characters in the story, have created an exciting adventure for children. These stories keep the reader interested and begging for more even though they are essentially educational readings. By using minor characters to exemplify the complexity of the main character, the authors were able to deliver many powerful messages of morality and help children understand the complexities growing up. Bibliography: C. Collodi. Pinocchio. Trans. Ed Young. New York: Philomel Books, 1996 Saint – Exupery. The Little Prince. Trans, T. V. F. Cuffe, London: Penguin Books, 1995

To Serve and Protect

Each police department believes that integrity and professionalism are the foundations for trust in the community. As trust is a significant element in the overall wellbeing of the society, a working police department must efficiently and effectively manifest integrity and professionalism in its actions so that trust from the community will be earned. The central question, however, is exactly how to achieve such an end. Being a police officer is not an easy task as what others may be inclined to believe.Quite on the contrary, being a police officer is almost synonymous, if not entirely the same, with risking one’s life on the line of duty. It does not take a genius to think that police officers face the risks of â€Å"endangering their lives precisely because of the nature of their work† (Ashenhust, p. 605). Being a police officer, the tasks include almost everyday dealings with dangerous criminals, first time public offenders who pose unpredictable threats to the publi c, or the â€Å"unpredictable public environment† teeming with â€Å"potential hazards to ordinary citizens† (Ashenhust, p. 605).As such, balancing one’s responsibilities and one’s performance in the department is perhaps one of the primary concerns of being a police officer. There are no shortcuts in achieving such a goal. To say the least, the efforts of law enforcing agents to meet their responsibilities is already a given or is already expected that perhaps the primary concern of the officer apart from meeting one’ responsibilities should be the prerogative of establishing good rapport with the public for several good reasons. The credibility of every police officer and of the entire police department is directly affected by the performance of the police agents.As the performance of these agents builds the corresponding image of the police department, it should be the case that the police agents should strive to attain a good performance that w ill consequently raise the image of the whole department. Since the police department is one of the many government institutions built around the directive of serving the people by providing the needed and ample services to the public, it is imperative that the very structure of the police department must be one which is devoid of internal flaws or, at least, has limited flaws (Block, p. 91).In order to do this, requirements for prospective police officers such as those applying for the various police positions must be structured according to the principles under which the department is founded. A careful background check with regard to the personal background of the prospective police officers must be secured first so that no ‘black sheep’ will be included from among the roster of law enforcing agents. Moreover, police departments must see to it that they serve the public with sincerity since an element for building trust is the characteristic of being genuine.In effec t, the mentality of the police officer must be patterned in accordance to the spirit of the principles embodying the government’s law enforcing arm. The police officer must act in accordance to his duties not only because he or she is compelled to do so. Far more importantly, the police officer should act as if the task of being a police officer is not a mere task that must be fulfilled but a task which is treated deeply as if it defines the very existence of the law enforcers. It is not enough to merely act because one is required to do so.Rather, police officers must begin to realize the thought that acting one’s duty not out of necessity but out of one’s personal drive is far more rewarding, if not for the police department at least for the self. To achieve such a feat, moral building activities must be pursued every once in a while in order to maintain the level of sincerity of the police officers. Enrichment activities specifically geared towards refining a nd realigning the sincerity of the police officers must be pursued so that the police officers will not lose track of the morality behind principled law enforcement.By being able to successfully maintain a considerable and observable level of sincerity towards the provision of services to the public, the people will not hesitate to build their trust around the police officers. This is because a legion of police officers being able to sufficiently meet the needs of the community in terms of protection will be able to attract the positive attention of the public. This positive attention on the other hand will expand the good relations between the police officers and the public inasmuch as the police services are sustained.A positive correlation of a form of relationship between the two creates a more sincere atmosphere. As sincerity translates to a heightened sense of integrity and professionalism, police officers will most likely gain the trust of the community. Further, each police officer should be committed to an open and honest relationship with the community. By this we mean to say that every existing police officer and department must be able to create a harmonious coexistence with the community.Although building such an atmosphere is not an easy task, it is nevertheless a possible feat, achievable through the initiative of either the law enforcing agencies or the public, perhaps even both at the same time, or if not, the former case will be more preferred. There are many ways to achieve, and most of these measures are already used in most organizations. For one, every department of the police must have the attitude of establishing rapport with the community as it can benefit both sides in many ways. Establishing rapport with community can be achieved through an open communication with the community.A form of this type is an open dialogue with the individuals of the community every now and then, say at least once a month, so that the police departments ar e able to â€Å"get updated with the recent developments from amongst the members of the community† and the whole community in the long run (Goldstein, p. 1123). Being able to create an open dialogue with the public reconsolidates the relationship between police officers and the public. But that is not to say that the police should abandon the objective of sustaining this relationship after a short period.Quite on the contrary, police officers should take all the chances and efforts of maintaining this rapport. Constant communication with the public—even in simple cases where patrolling police officers can have simple conversation with passing commuters or people attending to their businesses along the streets—aside from open dialogues between the department and the community can be effective means of reinforcing the open communication and harmonious relationship between police officers and the public.Another way of creating a rapport between the law enforcing d epartments and the community is to consistently visit and monitor the vicinity where the individuals in the community live in order to have direct contact with the people. This ensures that the people within the community are able to get a firsthand experience of interacting with the police officers. It amounts to increasing the feeling of security for the people which in turn furnishes an open relationship between the two sides.For the most part, an ‘honest’ police department is a branch of the law enforcing agencies which â€Å"does not hide anything from what the public must essentially know since police departments are still branches of the government† created for the people (Huddleston and Sands, p. 139). Hence, one way of maintaining an ‘honest’ relationship from both sides is to keep track of the police developments, update the public about these developments, and keep a record for police activities so that the public will be guided accordingl y.An ‘open’ relationship, on the other hand, entails the presupposition that the public should not hide things in which the police departments must primarily get a grasp on. Conversely, police authorities must also provide the public the vital information they are presumed to know. This can be achieved through a public information dissemination campaign such as public bulletins were police announcements can be placed. In summary, every institution of the police department firmly believes that integrity and professionalism are the key foundations for building trust with the community.Likewise, every department of the police should be committed to an open and honest relationship with the community. These two codes of ethics make it quite certain that an effective and efficient police body will be maintained while at the same time having a community which responds in accordance to the policies being offered by the police departments. A seamless cooperation between the poli ce department and the community can be achieved when proper codes of ethics are greatly taken into account. Indeed, being a police officer is no easy task as some may believe it to be.The dangers of being a police officer are as real as they get, and the tasks are equally heavy. Being a police officer means to serve and to protect not only in terms of serving and protecting the interest of the public but the very integrity of every police department as well. It is like a two sided responsibility where one is inextricable from the other. The fulfillment of one is never enough as well as with the other. That is, being of true service necessitates a good, if not better, performance for the police department and, more importantly, for the public.Works Cited Ashenhust, P. H. â€Å"Being a Police Officer. † The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science 49. 6 (1995): 605. Block, Richard L. â€Å"Fear of Crime and Fear of the Police. † Social Problems 19. 1 (199 1): 91. Goldstein, H. â€Å"Police Policy Formulation: A Proposal for Improving Police Performance. † Michigan Law Review 65. 6 (1997): 1123. Huddleston, M. W. , and J. C. Sands. â€Å"Enforcing Administrative Ethics. † Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 537 (1995): 139.

Abortion Should Not Be Permitted

Why abortion should not be permitted When we hear the word abortion, we would think negative about it. The definition of abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most after performed during the first 28 week. In medicine, an abortion is the premature exit of the products of conception (the fetus, fetal membranes and placenta) from the uterus. Many women in this entire world do abortion. There are many reasons why they prefer abortion such as having a fear of raising the child, rape, or not having enough money to support their life and the baby.Some important reasons of why abortion should not be permitted have to do with human morality, religious and values of conscience. First of all, why abortion should not be permitted is because of basic human morality. It is not the unborn babies fault and they have the right to live normally just like any other humans. Where is our humanitarian if we abort the unborn babies? Just because of our own mistakes and our selfishne ss we took away another one life that is so innocent and vulnerable. Furthermore, the baby doesn’t even know why and how he is here.You don’t need to kill one life in order to live, instead there are many solutions to resolve this problem but an abortion is not the answer. Secondly, why abort should not be permitted is based on religious values. In almost all religions, a women is not allows to do an abortion. My thoughts as a Muslim, we Muslim regard abortion as wrong and forbidden. But, abortion can only be permitted if continuing the pregnancy would put the mother’s life of real danger in Muslim law. Nevertheless, in what religion you are, women should not do an abortion as the baby have the right to live in this world.Finally, reason of why women should not do an abortion related to her conscience. When women do an abortion, she will never forget what happened and the thoughts of killing a one innocent life will always be with her. The future that could have happened with her baby which will always reminds her that she killed it. Her conscience reminds her of what she has done is terribly wrong. Conclusion is, there are many way rather that choosing an abortion. Killing an innocent unborn baby is like a woman with no heart and lack of human morality.The truth is women need to think the consequences before having a sexual relation. I feel sad for the unborn baby because they deserve to have a normal life just like other kids, to see their mum face and the opportunity to see the world. Women in this world love their baby and I know a mother who had to do an abortion is not really willingly to abort it, in fact they are sad and scared but in order to live their life without bringing the ashamed in their life, they have no choice but to abort it.

PALMER Surname Meaning and Family History

PALMER Surname Meaning and Family History From the Middle English and Old French palmer or paumer, taken from palme meaning palm tree. Palmer or Parmer was often a nickname for someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually made the journey. Palmer can also be a geographical German surname for someone living among the pussy willows or palms, from the Middle High German palme, balme, meaning pussy willow or palm tree. Surname Origin:  English, German, Dutch Alternate Surname Spellings:  PALMORE, PARMER, PALMOUR, PALMOORE, PARMOORE, PARRAMORE, PALLMER   Famous People with the PALMER Surname A. Mitchell Palmer -  U.S. attorney general under Woodrow Wilson responsible for launching  the Palmer RaidsArnold Palmer - American champion golferRobert Palmer - British singer songwriterKeke Palmer - American actress and singerAustin Norman Palmer -  Author of the Palmer Method of penmanshipEdward Palmer - British botanistHenry Spencer Palmer - British Army military engineer and surveyor Where is the PALMER Last Name Most Common? Palmer, according to surname data from Forebears, is most common in the United States where it ranks as the 155th most common surname in the country. It is very common in England, where it ranks 80th, as well as New Zealand (114th) and  Australia (125th). The surname is fairly evenly distributed around England, but ranks highest in Norfolk (15th), Somerset (15th), Cambridgeshire (19th) and Leicestershire (22nd). WorldNames PublicProfiler has the Palmer surname as most commonly found in the United Kingdom, with the greatest numbers clustered in Norfolk County and around the city of Birmingham.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname PALMER 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Palmer Surname DNA ProjectA central site for all Palmer descendants who want to participate in Family Tree DNA testing to learn about their Palmer ancestors and where and who they came from. Palmer  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Palmer  family crest or coat of arms for the Palmer surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. PALMER Family Genealogy ForumFree message board is focused on descendants of Palmer ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - PALMER  GenealogyExplore over 4.5  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Palmer surname, as well as online Palmer family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. PALMER Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Palmer surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - PALMER Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Palmer. GeneaNet - Palmer  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Palmer  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Palmer  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Palmer  from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buddhism - Essay Example The religious philosophy propagates that the widely popular belief in eternal soul, is a case of 'mistaken identity' where one or more of the skandhas are mistaken to be representative of an eternal soul. These five skandhas include: Form (rupa); feelings (vedana); perception (sajna); volitional factors (samskaras); and consciousness (vij-nana) ((Keown, 2003). Form or 'rupa' refers to the external features or characteristics of a human body such as form or color. Feelings or 'vedana' refers to sensations; Perception or 'sajna' refers to perceptions or mental images; volitional factors or ‘samskaras' refers to the power of mental formations and perception; and consciousness or 'vij-nana' refers to recognition and judgment (Hirakawa and Groner, 1993: 44). This doctrine further suggests that these five elements or aggregates are impermanent in nature i.e. 'anitya', and hence subject to change. It is on account of this very reason, that association with the notion of a permanent or unchanging 'self' is rendered false and any individual who associates with this false notion of a permanent self, is likely to suffer since impermanent things often result in suffering i.e. 'dukha'. For a Buddhist, an individual is comprised of these five aggregates which are subject to change, and hence and anything that is unchanging or permanent in nature cannot be associated with the concept of selfhood or personhood. Buddhism argues that this doctrine of "no independent self" is associated with the Buddhist doctrine of dependent/ conditioning origination i.e. 'pratiyasumtpada' (Palmquist, 2010). In Buddhism, there is no certain pre-defined concept of self. But the same is defined and explained by way of a series of impermanent and interdependent moments of consciousness (). For instance, according to the doctrine of conditioning origination i.e. 'ratiyasumtpada' the concept of self does not exist independently on its own, since the notion of self is empty / void. The emptiness of self in Buddhism does not imply non-existence of self, but instead refers to lack of autonomous self-nature i.e. 'nishvabhava'. Buddhism posits that the notion of personhood does not have an autonomous self existence, but instead is a consequence of certain conditions or 'pratyayas'. Thus the existence of personhood or self in Buddhism is dependent on several other factors, which are interconnected with each other and are mostly found in experiences which an individual goes through (Palmquist, 2010). The doctrine of personhood in Buddhism refers to the heretical view that human beings are gifted with a real 'self'. Buddhism essentially rejects the notion of an eternal self or 'atman'. Various religious groups within the religion, such as the 'Vatsiputriyas' had put forward the notion of an eternal self, in a bid to describe and explain the complex phenomenon of life after death, rebirth and karma. However according to the Buddhist religious theories, the concept of personhood wh ich is enshrined within the five aggregates, is derived from and dependent on them (Keown, 2003). Another more modern theory on the doctrine of Persoonhood was developed by a group known as the "Pudgalavadins" or the Personalists. This group was strongly opposed to the conventional and/or orthodox concept of anatta or no-self-ness, since it was difficult to comprehend and interpret. Contrary to the orthodox concept

Factors Influencing Internationalization and Entrepreneurial Growth of Research Paper

Factors Influencing Internationalization and Entrepreneurial Growth of Family-Owned Businesses - Research Paper Example firms; Generational Involvement is associated with the level of Entrepreneurial indication in family firms; and, Entrepreneurial Orientation is positively related to the internationalization of family firms. Internationalization is the â€Å"process by which firms both increase their awareness of the direct and indirect influence of international transactions on their future, and establish and conduct transactions with firms in other countries† (Koh, 2010, p.22). As 80% of businesses in US are family owned, it is responsible for 60% of employment. Although a lot of these firms are small in size, still they represent around one-third of Fortune 500 Companies and around thirty five percent of the S&P 500 Industrials. (Blodgett et al, 2012) In most companies around the globe, internationalization is an important challenge which they need to address to make sure they remain competitive in today’s Global Economy. An entry into foreign soil is marked with uncertainty which may require breaking away from traditional and long used manufacturing processes, acquiring new channel partners and exploring avenues for funding. However, internationalization can be more even more challengi ng in family owned businesses, because the entry into foreign markets may require structural changes within the organization and most of these firms are extremely unwilling to lose family control. (Casillas et al, 2013). While family businesses aim for expansion, with exploring new markets, they are faced with the opposite force which is stability in their home market, which is relatively low-risk. (Casillas et al, 2013). Studies that have researched into the want of internationalization of family firms reveal an inclination toward family firms wanting to operate in the traditional markets and seem reluctant to venture into foreign territory. (Koh, 2010). This is not to say that NO family firms have surmounted this challenge, quite a few family firms have ventured into international markets and